DIETS
Cardiology patients often benefit from diets that focus on heart health, reducing blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall cardiovascular risk. Here are some evidence-based dietary patterns and foods recommended for cardiology patients:
DASH Diet
Focus: Reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
Components:
- Fruits and vegetables (4–5 servings/day).
- Whole grains.
- Low-fat or fat-free dairy products.
- Lean protein (e.g., fish, poultry, beans).
- Nuts, seeds, and legumes.
- Limited red meat, sweets, and sugary beverages.
- Sodium limit: 1,500–2,300 mg/day.
Mediterranean Diet
Focus: High in healthy fats and antioxidants.
Components:
- Olive oil as the primary fat.
- High consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and whole grains.
- Moderate consumption of fish and seafood (rich in omega-3 fatty acids).
- Limited intake of red and processed meats.
- Low-to-moderate consumption of dairy.
- Optional moderate wine intake (if appropriate).
Plant-Based Diet
Focus: Reducing animal products and emphasizing plant-based foods.
Components:
- Whole fruits and vegetables.
- Legumes, nuts, and seeds.
Whole grains. - Avoid processed plant foods (e.g., refined grains and sugary snacks).
- Replace saturated fats (e.g., butter) with unsaturated fats (e.g., avocado, nuts).
Low-Sodium Diet
Particularly important for those with hypertension or heart failure.
Strategies include:
- Cooking with herbs and spices instead of salt.
- Avoiding processed and canned foods.
- Checking labels for sodium content.
Limiting Unhealthy Fats
- Replace saturated fats (e.g., in butter, red meat, and cheese) with unsaturated fats (e.g., olive oil, avocado, nuts).
- Avoid trans fats found in processed foods and baked goods.
Hydration & Alcohol
- Drink plenty of water to maintain proper circulation.
- Limit or avoid alcohol, as it can raise blood pressure and contribute to other cardiovascular issues.
- Always consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for a diet tailored to individual health needs, medications, and lifestyle.
Foods to Include:
- Fatty fish: Salmon, mackerel, sardines (rich in omega-3s).
- Leafy greens: Spinach, kale (high in antioxidants and potassium)
- Berries: Blueberries, strawberries (anti-inflammatory and rich in fiber).
- Nuts and seeds: Almonds, walnuts, chia seeds (good for cholesterol levels).
- Whole grains: Oats, quinoa, brown rice (improve heart health by lowering cholesterol).
- Beans and legumes: Lentils, chickpeas (high in fiber and protein).
- Dark chocolate: In moderation, it may lower blood pressure.
Foods to Avoid:
- Processed foods high in salt, sugar, and trans fats.
- Refined grains (e.g., white bread, pasta).
- Sugary beverages and desserts.
- Red and processed meats.
- High-sodium condiments (e.g., soy sauce, ketchup).